Aspirin

Case Studies

• Case Studies

  Quiz of the month – November 2022

  Take our patient case study quiz specially curated for you by our Faculty Member, Prof. Chern-En Chiang.

  Case Study: A 48 y male patient presented with anterior chest pain for 1 hour. He was sent to ER where acute anterior ST-elevation MI was diagnosed. Emergent cardiac catheterization demonstrated a 30-40% stenosis over left main artery, a 100% occlusion over middle portion of left anterior descending artery, 90% stenosis over middle portion of right coronary artery, and a 50% stenosis in the proximal portion of left circumflex artery. Two DES were implanted uneventful: one on LAD and the other on RCA. Echocardiogram revealed an LVEF 52% with mild hypokinesis over LV anterior wall.

   

  Past history:	Type 2 diabetes for 5 years with metformin 1000 mg/d Hypercholesterolemia under rosuvastatin 10 mg/d Denied history of HT No smoking history
  Family history:	Strong family history of premature CVD (His father died of MI at the age of 58. His grandfather died of MI at the age of 65, and his uncle has TVD.)
  Before discharge:	BMI 25 BP 128/76 mmHg, HR 76/min eGFR 76 ml/min, Na 141 meq/L, K 4.1 meq/L HbA1c 7.1% LDL-C 124 mg/dL, HDL-C 42 mg/dL, triglyceride 210 mg/dL, Lp(a) 105 mg/dL
  Discharge medications:	Aspirin 100 mg QD, ticagrelor 90 mg BD, bisoprolol 5 mg QD, metformin 850 mg BD, dapagliflozin 10 mg QD, rosuvastatin 20 mg QD, ezetimibe 10 mg QD
  3-month follow-up clinic:	No symptom BMI 24 BP 120/72 mmHg, HR 66/min eGFR 72 ml/min, Na 144 meq/L, K 4.2 meq/L HbA1c 6.4 % LDL-C 77 mg/dL, HDL-C 48 mg/dL, triglyceride 198 mg/dL, Lp(a) 108 mg/dL

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• What are your next steps? (multiple choice)

  a) Discontinue aspirin

  b) Add a GLP1 RA

  c) Add a PCSK9 inhibitor

  d) Add inclisiran (not available in most of the Asian countries)

  e) Add fenofibrate

  f) Add fish oil

  g) Check Lp(a) in his blood relatives

  h) Others not mentioned here
  

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• Case Studies

  Quiz of the month – August 2022

  Take our patient case study quiz specially curated for you by our Faculty Member, Prof. Stephen Nicholls.

  Case Study: A 63 year old man presents for review after experiencing an inferior myocardial infarction 6 months previously with successful PCI and stenting to the right coronary artery. Angiography revealed minor coronary disease involving the left anterior descending and circumflex arteries. He has a background of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

  His current medications include aspirin 100 mg daily, ticagrelor 90 mg bd, atorvastatin 80 mg daily, metformin 1000 mg daily, empagliflozin 10 mg daily, perindopril 5 mg daily and metoprolol 25 mg bd.

  His biochemistry revealed HbA1c 6.8%, LDL-C 70 mg/dL, HDL-C 37 mg/dL and triglycerides 225 mg/dL.

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• What would be the next therapeutic step?

  a) Add a PCSK9 inhibitor

  b) Add a GLP-1 receptor agonist

  c) Add Icosapent ethyl

  d) Add an omega-3 fatty acid containing EPA and DHA
  

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• Case Studies

  Quiz of the month – June 2022

  Take our patient case study quiz specially curated for you by our Faculty Member, Prof. Chern-En Chiang.

  Case Study: A 67-year-old male comes to the ER with the complaint of excruciating anterior chest pain for 1-hour. The parameters measured in the ER are as follows:

   

  Vital parameters

  Blood pressure: 146/78 mm Hg Heart rate: 92/min Respiratory rate: 16/min

   

  ECG shows ST elevation over V1-V3, suggesting acute anterior MI, and pathological Q waves over leads II, III and aVF. Toponin I was 15.40 ng/mL. Urgent coronary angiograph shows total occlusion over LAD-M, patent left main, patent left circumflex, and 80% stenosis over RCA-M. Left ventriculogram showing moderate hypokinesis over anterior septal area and mild hypokinesis over inferior wall with an EF of 44%. Primary PCI with 2 DES over LAD-M and RCA-M was performed uneventfully.

   

  Past history	Inferior myocardial infarction 4 years with medical treatment HT for more than 10 years with regular treatment Type 2 diabetes for 8 years Denied smoking Obesity with a BMI of 30.5
  Lab data	Na 134 meq/L, K 4.2 meq/L Cr 1.05 mg/dL, eGFR 73 mL/min (CKD-EPI), UACR 350 mg/g ALT 32 mg/dL HbA1c 8.3% LDL-C 98 mg/dL, HDL-C 28 mg/dL, triglyceride 259 mg/dL Toponin I 15.40 ng/mL, hs-CRP 18.2 mg/dL Lp(a) 83 mg/dL [upper limit of normal Lp(a) = 30 mg/dL]
  Medication history before admission	Amlodipine 5 mg OD, valsartan 160 mg OD, bisoprolol 5 mg OD Metformin 850 mg BD Aspirin 81 mg OD Atorvastatin 20 mg OD
  Investigation	Acute MI after successful PCI, and this is a second MI (previous inferior MI) Post-MI LV dysfunction (LVEF of 44%) Uncontrolled diabetes (HbA1c 8.3%) Suboptimal control of lipid levels (LDL-C 98 mg/dL) A very high level of Lp(a) (83 mg/dL)

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